India Remains Heavily Dependent on Imported Energy, Electronics and Industrial Inputs
Energy, electronics and industrial inputs continue to dominate India's imports, highlighting persistent external dependence.
Energy, electronics and industrial inputs continue to dominate India's imports, highlighting persistent external dependence.
A sharp post-2021 step-change in car exports is scaling rapidly and expanding China’s reach across developed and emerging markets.
Surplus economies expanded export capacity, while deficit economies absorbed more goods despite selective adjustments across mid-tier markets.
China is no longer just a low-cost supplier; it now leads in high-growth segments while maintaining scale in consumables and components.
Integrated circuits exceed USD 1 trillion in global trade, with supply concentrated in Asia and demand in China, reinforcing structural dependencies.
China’s rise from a minor exporter to the centre of global manufacturing redefined trade flows, reshaped supply chains and forced the global economy to evolve.
Merchandise trade reaches USD 26 trillion in 2025, while the top 20 exporters account for 70% of global exports.
Machinery dominated exports and imports, reflecting China’s role across the electronics value chain; gold and high-value inputs drove import swings.
Private firms now dominate China’s exports, while trade growth has structurally moderated.
A small group of highly specialised zones anchors China’s trade machine.