Gold Import Spike Pushes India’s Trade Deficit to All-Time High
India’s trade deficit widened to a record USD 41.7 billion in October 2025, driven by a sharp jump in gold imports to USD 14.7 billion.
How Africa’s Trade Structure Shifted From 2014 to 2024
Metals, agricultural goods and food products led export gains, while food, textiles and manufactured inputs rose fastest on the import side.
China Dominates Global Steel Production and Is the Leading Exporter
China dominates steel production, accounting for 53% of global output and nearly 1 in 5 dollars of steel exports in 2024.
Oil, Metals and Electronics: The Rapid Growth of India’s Imports
India’s imports have grown prodigiously since 2000, reflecting the transformation of the country’s economy.
China Dominates Global Crude Oil Demand
China alone accounts for a fifth of global crude oil imports while supply remains concentrated in a handful of exporters.
Rare Earths: The Global Implications of China’s Leading Role
China’s concentration of production, processing and exports has created structural dependencies with wide-ranging effects on critical industries.
Microchips, Oil and Soybeans: The Global Impact of China’s Imports
What China buys and where it buys it have reshaped supply chains, commodity flows and trade balances worldwide.
Global Oil Refining Capacity: China and the U.S. Dominate
China and the U.S. account for 36% of the world’s oil refining capacity, and only five economies control half of the world’s capacity.
Led by China, Asia Commands Global Industrial Commodity Imports
Asia’s share of global imports is dominant across key industrial commodities, with China driving regional demand and shaping global supply chains.
China’s Dependence on Strategic Fuel Imports and Opportunities for Global Fuel Exporters
China is the world’s largest consumer of energy and runs large trade deficits for primary fuels, especially crude oil and petroleum gases.