China’s Consumer Spending Expanded Modestly in 2025, But Momentum Softened at Year-End
Retail sales improved marginally year-on-year, supported by resilient online spending and stronger rural consumption.
Asian Real GDP Growth vs Population Growth: Demographics Alone Do Not Explain Asia’s Growth Leaders
Real GDP growth varies widely across Asia despite broadly similar population dynamics.
Brazil’s Export Model Is Anchored in Globally Strategic Commodities
Primary commodities accounted for 69% of export earnings in 2025, anchoring Brazil’s global relevance in food, energy, and metals.
China Export Strength Supports Trade Growth:
China’s 2025 expansion reflects steady export growth and a return to mid-single-digit overall trade momentum.
China’s Exports to Latin America Have Nearly Doubled Since 2014, Driven by Mexico and Brazil
Machinery, electronics and vehicles dominate China’s Latin America export basket, driven by Mexico and Brazil.
MENA’s Trade Growth Is Now Being Driven by Imports, Not Exports
Exports have stagnated over the past decade, while imports have risen steadily, reinforcing MENA’s demand-led growth story.
China’s Ports Reached Record Throughput in 2025 as Freight and Container Volumes Hit New Highs
China handled 18.3 billion tonnes of port freight in 2025, including 5.7 billion tonnes of foreign trade cargo.
North Africa’s Manufacturing Landscape Offers Scale, Export Platforms and Specialisation
Egypt anchors domestic manufacturing scale, Morocco leads industrial export integration and Tunisia is a high-intensity specialist.
South African Exports to China Could Accelerate Under New Zero-Tariff Deal
The new framework could unlock growth in non-commodity exports, especially food, autos and industrial intermediates.
India Is Emerging as the World’s Next Major Consumer Market
India’s momentum is anchored in broad-based household demand, supported by urbanisation, middle-class expansion and consumer import intensity.
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