How Africa’s Trade Structure Shifted From 2014 to 2024
Metals, agricultural goods and food products led export gains, while food, textiles and manufactured inputs rose fastest on the import side.
Metals, agricultural goods and food products led export gains, while food, textiles and manufactured inputs rose fastest on the import side.
The interior and western regions are leading growth in 2025, while several heavyweight coastal hubs are growing below the national average.
The 11 ASEAN economies are integrated into a diverse bloc in Southeast Asia, a region that is now the world’s leading conduit between East and West.
Vietnam, Ireland and the UAE led export growth among large economies, while Djibouti, Guyana and Armenia stood out among smaller exporters.
China dominates steel production, accounting for 53% of global output and nearly 1 in 5 dollars of steel exports in 2024.
India’s imports have grown prodigiously since 2000, reflecting the transformation of the country’s economy.
China alone accounts for a fifth of global crude oil imports while supply remains concentrated in a handful of exporters.
Africa is China’s fastest-growing export market and North America is the slowest. China’s exports to Africa are destined to eclipse those to North America.
China’s concentration of production, processing and exports has created structural dependencies with wide-ranging effects on critical industries.
What China buys and where it buys it have reshaped supply chains, commodity flows and trade balances worldwide.