Machinery dominated exports and imports, reflecting China’s role across the electronics value chain; gold and high-value inputs drove import swings.
The U.S. and Europe dominate global data centre infrastructure, while Asia’s footprint is concentrated in a few hubs
Private firms now dominate China’s exports, while trade growth has structurally moderated.
China dominates shipbuilding and fleet value while ranking among the world’s largest fleet owners by capacity and scale.
A small group of highly specialised zones anchors China’s trade machine.
E-commerce growth is global, but scale is overwhelmingly concentrated in China.
