Rare Earths Remain a China-Controlled Supply Chain Despite Diversification Efforts
The U.S. is growing mine output, but no producer yet challenges China’s export and refining leverage.
The U.S. is growing mine output, but no producer yet challenges China’s export and refining leverage.
Rising imports of semiconductors, energy and industrial inputs point to renewed industrial activity.
Strong export performance, sustained import growth and diversified demand across the GCC have raised the region’s strategic importance.
Energy, electronics and industrial inputs continue to dominate India's imports, highlighting persistent external dependence.
A sharp post-2021 step-change in car exports is scaling rapidly and expanding China’s reach across developed and emerging markets.
Integrated circuits exceed USD 1 trillion in global trade, with supply concentrated in Asia and demand in China, reinforcing structural dependencies.
Machinery dominated exports and imports, reflecting China’s role across the electronics value chain; gold and high-value inputs drove import swings.
China dominates shipbuilding and fleet value while ranking among the world’s largest fleet owners by capacity and scale.
Even as global ship orders declined in 2025, early-2026 data shows a rapid rebound, with China securing the vast majority of new contracts.
Production growth remains steady, but trade is increasingly concentrated and price-driven, heightening exposure to energy shocks and critical chokepoints.