Rare Earths: The Global Implications of China’s Leading Role
China’s concentration of production, processing and exports has created structural dependencies with wide-ranging effects on critical industries.
China’s concentration of production, processing and exports has created structural dependencies with wide-ranging effects on critical industries.
What China buys and where it buys it have reshaped supply chains, commodity flows and trade balances worldwide.
China and the U.S. account for 36% of the world’s oil refining capacity, and only five economies control half of the world’s capacity.
China’s Five-Year Plans steered economic development from investment- and export-led expansion toward more balanced, high-quality growth.
Asia’s share of global imports is dominant across key industrial commodities, with China driving regional demand and shaping global supply chains.
Oil still dominates Saudi Arabia’s exports, but the country now exports a rapidly growing array of non-oil products.
China is the world’s largest consumer of energy and runs large trade deficits for primary fuels, especially crude oil and petroleum gases.
China dominates global exports across mining-related product categories, underscoring its indispensable role in global mining supply chains.
From energy and pharma to engineering and IT, India has emerged as a top-tier trading nation with a diverse export basket and global reach.
China is the world’s leading processor of nearly all minerals and metals, and is the top exporter of several critical minerals.