Electric and hybrid vehicles are driving China’s export growth, accelerating overseas market penetration and compressing the response time available to legacy auto exporters.
Some manufacturing economies have upgraded to tech-intensive exports while others have plateaued despite scale.
Comparing total reserve buffers with import dependence reveals sharp differences in trade resilience among major economies.
Bulk mineral imports stabilised at elevated monthly values in 2024-2025, while non-bulk imports trended higher in aggregate.
China dominates every stage of solar PV manufacturing, yet export revenues are increasingly exposed to global pricing cycles rather than to volume growth.
The top of the global trade landscape separates into economies defined by scale and momentum.
