Surveys show that core digital systems are widely deployed across supply chains, and automation is expected to transform them in coming years.
Saudi Arabia’s economy has roughly doubled over the past decade, yet oil exports still dominate trade.
The volatility and geographic concentration of investment flows raises questions about Africa’s ability to sustain momentum into 2026 and beyond.
Upstream mineral supply is globally distributed, but China remains the dominant actor in the midstream and downstream battery ecosystem.
Kazakhstan accounts for the region’s economic scale, while Uzbekistan and neighbouring economies are expanding manufacturing and trade.
India provides the region’s industrial scale and Bangladesh is driving the fastest export-led expansion.
