Manufacturing growth shifted toward lower-cost, mid-scale economies, but only a small group has combined sustained expansion with rising industrial weight.
China’s exports reoriented away from the U.S. toward Asia and emerging markets, while U.S. imports re-anchored toward Mexico, Europe and Asia.
China’s surplus accumulation since 2018 has re-anchored toward Asia and Europe, while the North American balance has weakened.
Global primary crop production in 2024 edged down after peaking in 2023, while agrifood exports rose to a new high.
Procurement functions have moved into moderate or advanced AI adoption, but there are still constraints on scaling.
A decade of data shows a structural break in 2024, after which trade policy volatility no longer returns to its historical baseline.
