The volatility and geographic concentration of investment flows raises questions about Africa’s ability to sustain momentum into 2026 and beyond.
Upstream mineral supply is globally distributed, but China remains the dominant actor in the midstream and downstream battery ecosystem.
Kazakhstan accounts for the region’s economic scale, while Uzbekistan and neighbouring economies are expanding manufacturing and trade.
India provides the region’s industrial scale and Bangladesh is driving the fastest export-led expansion.
Fixed asset investment has continued to expand steadily, but growth has slowed in recent years, with the sharpest declines in real estate and construction.
Manufacturing is expanding steadily in absolute terms, but India’s growth model remains firmly services-led.
