ASEAN’s 4-Trillion-Dollar Trade System: East-West Crossroads of Global Commerce
ASEAN has almost doubled its trade since 2010 and has strengthened ties with China and the U.S., cementing the bloc’s position as an East-West trading nexus.
ASEAN has almost doubled its trade since 2010 and has strengthened ties with China and the U.S., cementing the bloc’s position as an East-West trading nexus.
ASEAN’s trade has surged to nearly USD 4 trillion in 2024 while developing a uniquely balanced structure.
Over the last decade, Chinese firms surged into the global mining elite, now accounting for 2 of the top 5.
With Minerals & Fuels and Metals flowing out to Asia and manufactured goods flowing in, Australia’s trade profile is increasingly tied to China and Asian markets.
Shenhua’s scale underscores China’s continued dependence on coal, while Zijin’s rise anchors China’s position in the global energy transition.
There are two distinct roles in the global minerals system: upstream exporters and downstream manufacturing hubs, whose demand for resources continues to rise.
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In 2024, the top ten importers bought nearly USD 700 billion more than the top ten exporters supplied.
In 2024, the global commercial services trade reached nearly USD 9 trillion, led by a group of economies with deep capabilities.
Chinese mining M&A surged in 2019-2025, as China locked in supply-critical metals across Africa and Latin America.