Surplus economies expanded export capacity, while deficit economies absorbed more goods despite selective adjustments across mid-tier markets.
China is no longer just a low-cost supplier; it now leads in high-growth segments while maintaining scale in consumables and components.
Integrated circuits exceed USD 1 trillion in global trade, with supply concentrated in Asia and demand in China, reinforcing structural dependencies.
China’s rise from a minor exporter to the centre of global manufacturing redefined trade flows, reshaped supply chains and forced the global economy to evolve.
Merchandise trade reaches USD 26 trillion in 2025, while the top 20 exporters account for 70% of global exports.
New project starts have declined sharply since 2021 as real estate investment weakens, while completions continue to support overall construction activity.
