Rapid growth in batteries, EVs and solar technologies is reinforcing China’s position at the centre of global clean energy supply chains.
Machinery, electronics, fuels and industrial inputs dominate Africa’s imports, and China remains the continent’s largest supplier
The U.S. is growing mine output, but no producer yet challenges China’s export and refining leverage.
PPP-adjusted GDP trends show China surpassing the U.S. economy in 2014 and India expanding rapidly in economic scale.
Exports have doubled over the past decade as electronics manufacturing hubs and resource-exporting economies drive ASEAN’s trade expansion.
Rising imports of semiconductors, energy and industrial inputs point to renewed industrial activity.
