Country Profile – Indonesia

Country Profiles

Indonesia

June 25, 2025

NOTE: This is a brief summary of the full Country Profile, which can be viewed or downloaded at the link below.

With a GDP of USD 1.4 trillion (2024) and GDP growth of 5%, Indonesia is the world’s 16th-largest economy by nominal value and one of the fastest-growing major economies.

Indonesia has a total land area of 1.9 million square kilometres.

Government is a unitary presidential constitutional republic.

Indonesia’s economy is forecast to exceed USD 2 trillion by 2030, while GDP per capita, though relatively low and still below that of Malaysia and Thailand, is gradually rising.

The unemployment rate reached a high of 7% in 2022, but inflation and the unemployment rate have eased since 2022, and the currency has been relatively stable in recent years.

Indonesia’s central government debt rose sharply in 2021 and remained at just below 50% of GDP in 2022, indicating a moderate rise in the country’s fiscal obligations. Household consumption has been on a sharp upward curve since 2015.

Total trade reached USD 499 billion in 2024, driven by strong export growth in the two leading sectors of Metals, Tools & Machinery and Minerals, Fuels & Chemicals, collectively accounting for 63% of imports and 56% of exports.

Leading export partners (2024): China (USD 64.9 billion), U.S. (USD 23.3 billion), Japan (USD 20.8 billion).

Leading import partners (2024): China (USD 62.9 billion), Singapore (USD 18.4 billion), Japan (USD 16.5 billion).

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